HOLY MOTHER GAWD FUCK, DON'T BUMP MY THREADS FROM 2008 AND EARLIER. IT'S EMBARRASSING.
To answer my own question: if the secret of Nerv's inner-workings ever became public knowledge, we might be facing a new set of Nuremberg trials (for Seele as well, if they were caught in the act by proxy, but that's within another realm of possibility). Most certainly would several people be held responsible for Second Impact, and possible several more for Nerv's other illicit activities.
The real question is: would the world continue Nerv's work? After bringing "justice" to those responsible for Second Impact, would the UN continue Nerv's research, development, and protocol with the Evangelions? Yes, they would very likely just take it out of Nerv's hands and into their own, creating another organization designated for this sort of thing, or simply reorganizing the leadership in Nerv severely. Why would they pass up the opportunity for golden technology and an effective weapon against the Angels?
I'm also convinced many Seele members would get off scot-free; they have enough power, so they would likely be deciding what continues with the Evangelions anyways. Not much would really change, and really, Seele might come out in even better shape in the end, in terms of their end goals, for getting rid of Gendo, assuming that any other pseudo-Nerv team could withstand the Angels.